New Delhi, India, recently played host to a historic gathering that underscored the enduring power of culture in a rapidly changing world. From December 8 to 13, 2025, the 20th session of UNESCO's Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) convened in the Indian capital, marking the first time the nation has hosted this pivotal event. Chaired by H.E. Mr. Vishal V. Sharma, India's Ambassador and Permanent Delegate to UNESCO, the session brought together over 1,200 delegates from 150 countries to evaluate, celebrate, and protect living cultural practices worldwide.
The culmination of this significant session was the inscription of 47 new elements on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, alongside the addition of 10 elements to the List of ICH in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. Among the most anticipated and celebrated inscriptions was India's Deepavali, also widely known as Diwali. This recognition not only solidifies Deepavali's place as a global cultural treasure but also amplifies India's growing role in the international effort to preserve and promote diverse traditions.
The 20th Session: A Global Mandate for Living Heritage
The Intergovernmental Committee's mandate is crucial: to safeguard intangible cultural heritage, which UNESCO defines as the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, and skills that communities recognize as part of their cultural heritage. This includes oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, festive events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe, and traditional craftsmanship. The committee's work emphasizes the role of ICH in fostering cultural diversity, intergenerational transmission, and community resilience, particularly in the face of globalization.
🔴 BREAKING
— UNESCO 🏛️ #Education #Sciences #Culture 🇺🇳 (@UNESCO) December 10, 2025
New inscription on the #IntangibleHeritage List: Deepavali, #India🇮🇳.
Congratulations!https://t.co/xoL14QknFp #LivingHeritage pic.twitter.com/YUM7r6nUai
A preparatory information and exchange meeting held at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris on October 23, 2025, laid the groundwork for the New Delhi session, outlining working methods and logistics. The main event itself, hosted at historic sites across New Delhi, including the iconic Red Fort, provided a fitting backdrop for discussions on global cultural preservation.
The session's outcomes extended beyond new inscriptions. Delegates also approved several extensions to existing inscriptions, alongside safeguarding programs and resolutions aimed at supporting documentation and transmission efforts for endangered practices. This comprehensive approach reflects a deep commitment to ensuring that living traditions continue to thrive and evolve for future generations.
Deepavali's Luminous Legacy: A Festival of Hope and Unity
Deepavali's official inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity marks a moment of profound pride for India and its global diaspora. The "festival of lights," as it is popularly known, is an annual celebration observed by diverse communities across India and beyond. Tied to the lunar calendar, it typically falls on the new moon in the Hindu month of Kartik, usually in October or November, spanning five days. It marks the end of the harvest and the dawn of a new year and season, symbolizing the triumph of light over darkness, good over evil, and knowledge over ignorance.
The core practices of Deepavali are rich with symbolism and community spirit. Homes and public spaces are meticulously cleaned and decorated, illuminating the festive atmosphere. The lighting of traditional oil lamps (diyas) and candles is central to the celebration, casting a warm glow that signifies hope and prosperity. Families gather to offer prayers for renewal and well-being, share elaborate meals, exchange sweets, and often engage in setting off fireworks.
Deepavali's narratives are deeply embedded in India's cultural fabric. It is often linked to stories like Lord Rama's victorious return to Ayodhya after defeating the demon king Ravana, as recounted in the epic Ramayana. This story, among others, promotes universal values of kindness, righteousness, and intergenerational harmony. While customs vary regionally - from firecrackers in the North celebrating Rama's homecoming to intricate kolam (rangoli) designs and prayers to Goddess Lakshmi for prosperity in the South - the unifying spirit remains constant.
The festival's global observance is a testament to its profound impact, with communities in places like Bahrain, New Zealand, the UK, and the US lighting lamps, sharing meals, and performing dances, often blending local flavors with core rituals. This inscription underscores Deepavali's role as a "living heritage" - traditional yet contemporary, inclusive, and essential for cultural diversity amid globalization.
The announcement in New Delhi was met with immense joy and national pride. India's Culture Minister hailed it as a "historic moment of pride," while Prime Minister Narendra Modi described Deepavali as "the soul of our civilisation." He emphasized its personification of illumination and righteousness, expressing hope that the ideals of Prabhu Shri Ram would continue to guide. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar also voiced his gladness, recognizing the festival's "immense cultural, religious, and spiritual significance" and its role in bringing people together. The news quickly resonated across digital platforms, with UNESCO itself sharing the announcement, as seen in this post: [link: https://x.com/UNESCO/status/1998629182130270367?s=20]
India's Expanding Cultural Tapestry on the World Stage
With Deepavali's inscription, India now boasts 16 elements on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This rich tapestry of traditions reflects the nation's diverse spiritual, artistic, and social practices. Deepavali joins other celebrated Indian inscriptions such as:
- Yoga (2016): The ancient practice for physical, mental, and spiritual well-being.
- Kumbh Mela (2017): The world's largest peaceful gathering, a Hindu pilgrimage.
- Durga Puja in Kolkata (2021): The multi-day celebration with elaborate pandals and rituals.
- Garba of Gujarat (2023): The communal dance performed during Navratri, fostering social bonds.
- Vedic Chanting (2008): The oral transmission of sacred Hindu texts.
- Ramlila (2008): The dramatic reenactment of the Ramayana, performed in villages.
This growing list not only highlights India's profound cultural wealth but also its commitment to safeguarding these living traditions for future generations and sharing them with the world.
A World of Living Heritage: Other Notable Inscriptions
The 20th session was a global celebration of cultural diversity, with 47 elements from 60 countries (some multinational) added to the Representative List. These inscriptions showcase a breathtaking spectrum of human expression, from music and dance to crafts, rituals, and social practices. Some other notable inclusions from around the world include:
- Bisht (men’s Abaa): skills and practices (Qatar, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates): A traditional woolen outer garment for special occasions, draped over shoulders with regional variations.
- Joropo in Venezuela (Venezuela): A festive music-dance blending Indigenous, African, and European influences, featuring harp, violin, and partner dancing.
- Festivity of the Virgen of Guadalupe - Patroness of Sucre (Bolivia): A religious-cultural event with processions, music, and dance honoring the Virgin, coordinated by church and folk groups.
- Cuarteto: music, dance and lyrics in the city of Córdoba, Argentina (Argentina): A lively genre with accordion and lyrics on daily life, performed in circular dances at social events.
- Traditional Saree weaving art of Tangail (Bangladesh): Handwoven cotton/silk fabrics with fine designs, a collaborative family practice reflecting social norms.
- Highlife music and dance (Ghana): Upbeat music with horns and guitars, telling stories on social themes at celebrations.
- Moroccan Caftan: art, traditions and skills (Morocco): Embroidered tunics for occasions, involving intricate fabric and jewelry work.
- Yodelling (Switzerland): A unique vocal technique with distinct yodel melodies, performed solo or in groups at alpine events.
- Pantun [Extension] (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam): A Malay poetic verse form recited at rituals and social gatherings.
These diverse inscriptions underscore the universal human need for cultural expression and the unique ways communities around the globe preserve their identity.
Urgent Safeguarding: Protecting Endangered Traditions
Beyond celebrating vibrant living heritage, the committee also addressed the critical need to protect traditions at risk of disappearance. Ten elements were added to the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding, prioritizing community-led revitalization efforts. These included:
- Craft of making Đông Hồ Folk woodblock printings (Viet Nam): Colorful prints on worship and daily themes using carved wood and natural pigments.
- Mwazindika spiritual dance of the Daida community of Kenya (Kenya): A ritual dance with drumming for storytelling and well-being.
- Boreendo, Bhorindo: ancient dying folk musical instrument... (Pakistan): A clay wind instrument with adjustable tones, played by men and decorated by women.
- Construction processes of the quincha house... (Panama): Earthquake-resistant mud houses using local materials and mixing techniques.
- The practice of making Asin Tibuok... (Philippines): Artisanal sea salt from seawater and coconut husks via boiling.
- Moliceiro boat: naval carpentry art... (Portugal): Decorated wooden boats for harvesting and tourism in Aveiro lagoons.
These inscriptions highlight the committee's vital role in drawing global attention and resources to traditions that face existential threats, ensuring their survival and continued practice.
Broader Impacts and Future Directions
India's hosting of the 20th UNESCO ICH session significantly amplified its legacy in cultural preservation. The discussions and resolutions adopted during the session focused on several key areas, including enhanced documentation, greater youth involvement, and the digital archiving of intangible cultural heritage. These initiatives are crucial for ensuring that traditions are not only preserved but also made accessible and relevant to younger generations and the wider world.
The outcomes of the session collectively stress the profound power of ICH in promoting peace, fostering intercultural dialogue, and supporting sustainable development. With over 1,200 delegates from 150 countries actively participating, the event truly fostered a global conversation on the importance of living heritage.
This milestone session in New Delhi, particularly with Deepavali's inscription, serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of safeguarding the diverse cultural expressions that enrich humanity. It not only preserves the luminous spirit of Deepavali but also inspires worldwide efforts to illuminate and protect other endangered heritages, ensuring that the threads of culture continue to weave a vibrant and interconnected global tapestry. For full working documents and more details, interested readers are encouraged to visit the official UNESCO ICH page.